Communicate

Explain and disclose practice and performance to inform stakeholders

Last updated: July 4, 2023

Description

Enterprises, investors and financial institutions need to communicate information on their impact management practices and performance to relevant stakeholders. Information about organistions’ impacts on people and the natural environment, and about their governance, strategy and actions to manage these impacts, are relevant to a range of internal and external stakeholders. The nature of what needs to be disclosed and the format of the communication varies depending on the audience.

The table below illustrates the varying information needs of stakeholder groups. These are not mutually exclusive as interests may overlap.

Primary interestsInformation need(s)Communication and disclosure format(s)
Regulators and policymakersWhether the organisation is compliant with sustainability-related regulation and/or policy goalsInformation as established by the policy / regulationAs set directly by the regulator (e.g. financial and sustainability reports or integrated reports, labelling, etc.)
Investors and financial institutionsEnterprise value and whether it is protected/growing as a result of sustainability-related risks and opportunities, including the mitigation of system-wide risks. Investors with positive impact or sustainability objectives of their own also want information related to those objectives and/or associated theory of change.Information on the organisation’s impacts, including those that may contribute to or erode value (including through the accumulation of system-wide risks), and information on the organisation’s impact management strategy, practice and performanceShareholder meetings
Investor briefings
Financial and sustainability reports or integrated reports
ClientsWhether the organisation’s product/service is meeting the client’s needs and expectations (including potentially on positive and negative impacts)Information on safety of products/services and associated impact management practice and performanceProduct labelling
Advertising
Sustainability reports
EmployeesWhether the organisation meets the needs and expectations of employees (including potentially on positive and negative impacts)Information on the organisation’s impact management strategy, practice and performance, especially on employee-related issuesInternal communication
Sustainability reports
CommunitiesWhether the organisation’s operations (including supply chain) negatively affects them, and if it meets their sustainability and well-being expectationsInformation on impacts in the organisation’s operations and supply chain, and how they are managedCommunity engagement
Sustainability reports
Civil society organisationsWhether the organisation is having positive/negative impacts on people and the natural environmentInformation on the organisation’s impact management strategy, as well as its practice and performanceSustainability reports
Bespoke engagements
General publicWhether the organisation is having positive/negative impacts on one or more sustainability issuesInformation on the organisation’s impact management strategy, as well as its practice and performanceSustainability reports
Media announcements
Table 1: Examples of stakeholders to whom enterprises communicate information on their social and environmental impacts

The table above shows that, while there are multiple vehicles for communicating on impacts, reporting is relevant for multiple audiences and is therefore an important vehicle for communication. Different categories of reporting are further explained below.

Sustainability reporting

Sustainability reporting provides information about an enterprise’s sustainability practice and performance to a broad range of stakeholders (also referred to as “users of information”). As such, it is grounded in an assessment of the impact topics that are “material” to these different stakeholders. Based on this assessment, the information that is disclosed aims to respond to the specific interests and needs of the stakeholders, which is the main purpose of sustainability reporting.

Sustainability-related financial disclosure is used to inform the financial decision-making of investors and other financial market participants. Material information includes any information on an entity’s impacts that could reasonably be expected to influence an assessment of the enterprise’s current and future value. It also includes information on the entity’s potential contributions to system-wide risks, which can undermine investors’ sustained financial returns. For these reasons, information on how the enterprise manages its impacts (in addition to the information on its impacts) is also relevant to sustainability-related financial disclosure.

Because information on impacts and impact management may be financially material, there is a degree of overlap between information included in sustainability reporting and in sustainability-related financial disclosure.

Figure 1: The relationship between sustainability information and sustainability-related financial disclosures

Integrated reporting

Given the potential financial materiality of an organisation’s sustainability impacts, sustainability-related financial disclosures are increasingly integrated within financial disclosures. This is known as integrated reporting, which is seen as a way of further clarifying the connectivity between sustainability issues and enterprise value. In other words, integrated reporting helps users understand the financial materiality of sustainability issues and the information provided on the entity’s impact practice and performance.

General principles for reporting

Regardless of the specific format and scope of disclosures, a number of data characteristics are typically sought to ensure the quality of the reporting. These may include: accuracy, completeness, reliability, relevance, timeliness, clarity and comparability, among others.


Resources

Standards and guidance for sustainability reporting

GRI Standards

Last updated: Various

The GRI Standards are a modular system of interconnected standards for reporting on sustainability performance, covering a wide range of sustainability topics, including climate change, human rights, labour practices and product responsibility. They enable organisations to measure, manage and communicate their sustainability performance effectively.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Communicate: Report to all stakeholders on material topics that reflect the organisation’s most significant impacts. GRI’s standardised metrics help the organisation and its stakeholders compare performance with others.

GRI Topic-specific Standards

Last updated: n/a

Reporting standards designed to help organisations understand and disclose their impacts in a way that meets the needs of multiple stakeholders. These standards are arranged by a set of Universal Standards that apply to all organisations, and 35 Topic Standards that contain disclosures for impacts related to economic, environmental and social topics.

Use this resource to:

  • Measure, assess and value: The standards themselves provide guidance on selecting metrics to report. Using standardised metrics helps the organisation and its stakeholders compare performance with others.
  • Communicate: Report to all stakeholders on ‘material topics’ that reflect the organisation’s most significant impacts.

GRI Sector Standards

Last updated: n/a

GRI is developing standards for 40 sectors to compliment their current topic standards.

Use this resource to:

  • Identify: Identify sustainability topics to measure using the list of topics listed for each Sector Standard.
  • Measure, assess and value: Identify metrics to measure for each significant topic. The standards themselves provide guidance on selecting metrics to report.
  • Communicate: Report to all stakeholders on ‘material topics’ that reflect the organisation’s most significant impacts. The Sector Standards are a helpful starting point for identifying likely significant impacts.

Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals into Corporate Reporting: A Practical Guide

Last updated: 2018

Guidance on how to integrate the Sustainable Development Goals into reporting processes.

Use this resource to:

  • Communicate: Use the guidance to disclose positive and negative contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals.

CDP’s Disclosure System

Last updated: 2021

CDP’s Disclosure System is a tool for investors, companies, cities, states and regions to manage their environmental impacts. It enables these organisations to make their environmental impacts transparent, to understand how to reduce their negative impacts and to progress towards environmental stewardship.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Communicate: Report to all stakeholders on climate change, forests and water security, based on the organisation’s governance and policy, risks and opportunity management, environmental targets, and strategy and scenario analysis. Responses receive a grade from A-D based on the organisation’s disclosed performance.

Guidance on core indicators for entity reporting on contribution towards implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals

Last updated: 2019

This guidance provides practical information on how core indicators can be measured in a consistent manner and in alignment with countries’ needs on monitoring the attainment of the SDG agenda. It intends to assist entities to provide baseline data on sustainability-related issues in a consistent and comparable manner, which would meet the common needs of different stakeholders.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Measure, assess and value: Collect information on the core indicators covering areas of economic, environmental, social and institutional performance. For each indicator, the guidance provides a definition, measurement methodology, and potential sources of information. The guidance also explains the links and alignment with relevant macro SDG indicators.
  • Communicate: Provide baseline data on sustainability-related issues in a consistent and comparable manner.
Last updated: 2021

This report recommends a set of sector-specific, SDG-related metrics by drawing on metrics from existing standard setters and benchmarks. It was published by the Global Investors for Sustainable Development (GISD) Alliance, a group of 30 large investment firms that aims to scale-up long-term finance and investment in sustainable development. The GISD is steered by UN DESA.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Communicate: Include recommended SDG-related metrics in stakeholder disclosures.

SASB Standards

Last updated: n/a

The SASB Standards are reporting standards that provide industry-specific disclosure topics and associated metrics for measuring performance across 26 General Issue Categories (or sustainability topics). Management or mismanagement of performance on these sustainability topics may create, preserve or erode value for a typical organisation in a given industry over time.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Communicate: Report to providers of financial capital on sustainability topics that are likely to affect how value is created, sustained or eroded for the organisation over the short-, medium- and long-term.

TCFD recommendations

Last updated: 2017

Guidance that contains disclosure recommendations for information on the material financial impacts of climate-related risks and opportunities, including those related to the global transition to a lower-carbon economy. The TCFD recommendations are structured around the four pillars of Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, and Metrics and Targets.

Use this resource to:

  • Communicate: Follow recommendations to structure climate-related financial disclosures. Other voluntary standards can be used in conjunction with TCFD recommendations.

Standards and guidance for integrated reporting

Integrated Reporting Framework

Last updated: 2021

Reporting framework that provides principles-based guidance for organisations seeking to create an integrated report, containing both financial and non-financial information. The guidance is tailored specifically for private sector, for-profit companies, but the Framework can also be applied to the public sector and non-for-profit organisations.

Use this resource to:

  • Communicate: Report to providers of financial capital on sustainability topics that are likely to affect value creation over the short-, medium-, and long-term.

Resources that set expectations on disclosure in sustainability frameworks

For all enterprises:

Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact

Last updated: 2000

The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact list how organisations should, at a minimum, meet fundamental responsibilities in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. They apply across all geographies in which the enterprise operates, and assert that good practices in one business area do not offset harm in another. They draw on several international declarations and other authoritative documents.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management:

  • Strategy: Align strategy with the Ten Principles to prioritise societal needs such as the SDGs.

Communication on Progress

Last updated: 2021

Participating in the UN Global Compact requires a commitment from organisations to report annually on efforts to operate responsibly in four areas: human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption.

Use this resource to:

  • Communicate: Submit an annual Communication on Progress on implementing the Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact.

OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

Last updated: 2011

The Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are a set of voluntary principles and standards that promote responsible business conduct among multinational enterprises (MNEs). They cover various areas, including human rights, labour relations, environmental protection, anti-corruption and consumer protection, aiming to help MNEs align their business practices with societal expectations, and contribute to sustainable development.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

SDG Impact Standards for Enterprises

Last updated: 2021

The SDG Impact Standards for Enterprises provide a practical guide and self-assessment tool for integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into organisational decision-making.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

Principles of Social Value

Last updated: 2015

The Principles of Social Value guide organisations in considering social value in decision-making, aiming to optimise value for all stakeholders materially affected by their activities. The practice standards help organisations to implement each principle to a point where they are accountable for their activities.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

B Corp certification

Last updated: 2019

The B Corp Certification is an assessment process that evaluates a company’s social and environmental performance, as well as governance and transparency. Organisations that achieve B Corp Certification demonstrate a commitment to meeting a high standard of responsible business practices and accountability.

Use this resource for the following Actions of Impact Management

  • Verification, assurance and certification: Achieve B Corp certification by meeting the standards set by B Lab, demonstrating a commitment to social and environmental performance, accountability and transparency.
  • Benchmarking and rating: Compare impact scores and metrics with those of other organiations within the same industry or sector.
For investors and financial institutions:

Reporting and assessment framework

Last updated: 2020

Tool to report on responsible investment activities annually.

This resource calls upon organisations to:

  • Communicate: Report on firm-wide and portfolio or strategy-specific investment practices.

Operating Principles for Impact Management

The GIIN Operating Principles for Impact Management provide a framework for investors and fund managers to manage and measure their impact. The principles outline best practices for impact management across the investment lifecycle, from strategy development to implementation, monitoring and reporting.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

SDG Impact Standards for Private Equity Funds

Last updated: 2020

The SDG Impact Standards for Private Equity Funds provide a decision-making framework for integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into one or more funds.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

PRB Reporting and Self-Assessment Template

Last updated: 2022

Signatories to the Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB) must use the reporting and self-assessment template as part of the requirements of the Principles.

Use this resource to:

  • Show progress on implementing the Principles for Responsible Banking;
  • Provide transparency about impacts and contributions; and
  • Assess if PRB requirements are being met and obtain assurance.

Impact Standards for Financing Sustainable Development (IS-FSD)

Last updated: 2021

The Impact Standards for Financing Sustainable Development (IS-FSD) is a framework for donors, development finance institutions (DFIs) and their private partners to make financial decisions that maximise their positive contribution to the SDGs. The Standards are harmonised with the UNDP SDG Impact Standards.

This is a cross-cutting resource, meaning that it supports the internal impact management process as a whole, rather than one or a few of the Actions of Impact Management.

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